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    Question ID:   12919         Current Version: 1
Question: What is endrin and its health effects?
Category: Science > Chemistry
Keywords: affect, health effect, expose, exposure, endrin
Type: what
Rating:(0 ratings)    Views: 227    Discussions: 0   In Watch Lists: 1  

 
    Answer:
Exposure to endrin can cause various harmful effects including death and severe central nervous system injury. Swallowing very large amounts of endrin may cause convulsions and kill you in a few minutes or hours. Exposure to high doses may result in headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. No long-term health effects have been noted in workers. Endrin has been found in at least 120 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What is endrin?

Endrin is a solid, white, almost odorless substance that was used as a pesticide to control insects, rodents, and birds. Endrin has not been produced or sold for general use in the United States since 1986.

Little is known about the properties of endrin aldehyde (an impurity and breakdown product of endrin) or endrin ketone (a product of endrin when it is exposed to light).

What happens to endrin when it enters the environment?

  • Endrin does not dissolve very well in water. It has been found in groundwater and surface water, but only at very low levels. It is more likely to cling to the bottom sediments of rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water.
  • Endrin is generally not found in the air except when it was applied to fields during agricultural applications.
  • The persistence of endrin in the environment depends highly on local conditions. Some estimates indicate that endrin can stay in soil for over 10 years.
  • Endrin may also be broken down by exposure to high temperatures or light to form primarily endrin ketone and endrin aldehyde.
  • It is not known what happens to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone once they are released to the environment. However, the amount of endrin broken down to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone is very small.

How might I be exposed to endrin?

  • You may be exposed to endrin in air, water, or soil if you live near a hazardous waste site.
  • You may be exposed by eating foods that contain endrin.
  • Children living near hazardous waste sites could be exposed to endrin in contaminated soils if they eat dirt.
  • Endrin levels can build up in the tissues of organisms that live in water.
  • Human breast milk may be a route of exposure for nursing infants.

How can endrin affect my health?

Exposure to endrin can cause various harmful effects including death and severe central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) injury. Swallowing large amounts of endrin may cause convulsions and kill you in a few minutes or hours.

Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions.

No long-term health effects have been noted in workers who have been exposed to endrin by breathing or touching it.

Studies in animals confirm that endrin's main target is the nervous system.

Birth defects, especially abnormal bone formation, have been seen in some animal studies.

Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health?

The EPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) for endrin in drinking water is 0.0002 milligrams per liter (0.0002 mg/L).

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a limit of 0.1 mg endrin per cubic meter of air (0.1 mg/m3) for an 8-hour day in a 40-hour workweek.

Source: CDC
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