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    Question ID:   11541         Current Version: 1
Question: What is water turbidity?
Category: Science > Chemistry
Keywords: water, nephelometric turbidity units, NTU
Type: what
Rating:(0 ratings)    Views: 152    Discussions: 0   In Watch Lists: 1  

 
    Answer:

Turbidity is the amount of particulate matter that is suspended in water. Turbidity measures the scattering effect that suspended solids have on light: the higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. Material that causes water to be turbid include:

Turbidity makes the water cloudy or opaque. Turbidity is measured by shining a light through the water and is reported in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). During periods of low flow (base flow), many rivers are a clear green color, and turbidities are low, usually less than 10 NTU. During a rainstorm, particles from the surrounding land are washed into the river making the water a muddy brown color, indicating water that has higher turbidity values. Also, during high flows, water velocities are faster and water volumes are higher, which can more easily stir up and suspend material from the stream bed, causing higher turbidities.

Turbidity can be measured in the laboratory and also on-site in the river. A handheld turbidity meter measures turbidity of a water sample. The meter is calibrated using standard samples from the meter manufacturer. Once the meter is calibrated to correctly read these standards, the turbidity of a water sample can be taken. 

State-of-the-art turbidity meters are beginning to be installed in rivers to provide an instantaneous turbidity reading. A large turbidity sensor reads turbidity in the river by shining a light into the water and reading how much light is reflected back to the sensor. A smaller conductivity sensor measures electrical conductance of the water, which is strongly influenced by dissolved solids (the two holes) and a temperature gauge (the metal rod).

Source: USGS
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